Powdery mildew is the main fungal disease that most grape growers confront every seasons. The fungus that cause powdery mildew is called Uncinula Necator.
Many grape growers struggled to keep powdery mildew under control in vineyards, as once your vines are infected and the symptoms are visible, the disease already is in an advance stage of development.
The symptoms are visible on all green parts of the grape vine.
On the berries:
A white powdery substance covers the berries – it looks like a white dust that can be rubbed off. These “dust” particles are the actual spores of the powdery mildew fungus. Infected berries will have what appears to be a net-like pattern when the “dust” is rubbed off with your finger. They most probably will crack open and dry up. If the infection takes place early and the fungus disease spreads too fast, it can cause total crop loss!
Berries are extremely susceptible from the immediate pre-bloom stage through fruit set. This is the most critical time to keep powdery mildew under control. Severe powdery mildew infections on the clusters is usually a result of poor fungus control and canopy management throughout this period.
On the canes (in the dormant season), you can see old infections because they will show up as brown areas. As the fungus grows on the grapes and vines and begins to produce spores you will see that the tissue that is infected with have an ash grey powdery look.
On green shoots, the same powdery “dust” will be visible. The fungus will infect the green tissue, and will reduce photosynthesis and overall grape vine vigor.
On the leaves:
Powdery mildew on the leaves of a grape vine, appear as a white dust on the upper and lower part of the leaves. With severe infections, discoloration and drying out of the leaves are visible. No need to say how bad this is for berry size, sugar development and overall growth of the vine!
I often get emails asking about continuous powdery mildew infections, year after year. There is only one explanation for this – the fungus spores over-winter on the grape vine and in the following growing season, once the conditions for inoculation is ideal, the infection will start again. As you can imagine, this is a vicious circle, that will give you many headaches!
What is the ideal conditions for the inoculation?
For the powdery mildew, fungus to develop and spread there needs to be free water (from rain, over-head irrigation and even high humidity) and heat. Spore cells, or cleistothecia overwinter within cracks in the bark of the vine and when rains of approximately 0.1 inch (10 mm) or more occur in spring, and if temperatures are at least 50 °F (10° C), these spores are released and will infect the nearby leaves, canes and bunches. The higher the temperature, the more spores will be released. The optimum temperature is mid 80s ° F or mid 20s ° C and higher is the optimum temperature for high spore release. When the temperature reach the high 90s (+30′s ° C), the development or spread of powdery mildew will be restricted.
Controlling Powdery Mildew:
Chemical control: With the wide range of fungicides now registered for use on vines, the question arises as to which is best and when is the most appropriate time to apply. Where powdery mildew control is poor this is usually due to inadequate spray coverage or the interval between sprays being too long rather than reduced fungicide efficacy.
As said earlier, grape berries are most susceptible to powdery mildew during the period from just before flowering to 4 to 5 weeks after fruit set, and failure to control the disease during this period can result in serious crop loss. The best control is achieved by applying a fungicide with an active ingredient called strobilurin or DMI fungicides during this period.
Organically: Controlling Powdery Mildew organically is much harder. The most important point to remember is that moisture and heat is needed for the fungus to spread.
Maintaining proper airflow and sunlight penetration into the vine will ensure a “drier” micro climate inside the vine. Direct contact with sunlight will also kill powdery mildew spores and reduce the chances of crop loss. This can be achieved with good canopy management (suckering, leave pulling, tying of shoots, removing of water shoots etc. (consult the Complete Grape Growing System for details, it’s all there!).
I hope this article will help you solve Powdery Mildew problems on your grapes.
Remember: Maintain a proper canopy, keep your spray applications up to date and be on the look-out for the symptoms I’ve shown you.
Take care
Danie (The Grape Guy)
www.my-grape-vine.com
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), but one thing I’m sure of; he will have a strong enough frame work next year to produce his first crop – not many grape growers can say that!
In the picture below, I have pruned the old spur back and as you can see, a new spur was pruned with two buds that will develop shoots the next growing season. The shoots that will develop from this spur will bear grapes next season.
